Investasi di Perusahaan Air Minum dan Implikasinya Terhadap Struktur Modal, Cakupan Layanan, dan Dampak Sosial-Ekonomi: Sebuah Systematic Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63607/jcmb.v14i1.58Keywords:
Investasi Air Minum, PDAM, Struktur Modal, NRW, Digitalisasi, Dampak Sosial-Ekonomi, SLRAbstract
Investasi di sektor air minum memegang peran penting dalam meningkatkan akses layanan dasar, memperkuat infrastruktur, dan mendukung pencapaian SDG 6. Namun, penelitian sebelumnya cenderung membahas aspek pembiayaan, operasional, atau dampak sosial secara terpisah, sehingga diperlukan kajian yang mengintegrasikan ketiganya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi dan mensintesis hubungan antara struktur modal, cakupan layanan, inovasi digital, dan dampak sosial-ekonomi perusahaan air minum melalui Systematic Literature Review (SLR). Kajian dilakukan terhadap 15 artikel ilmiah yang dipublikasikan pada periode 2015–2024 dan dipilih melalui proses PRISMA serta critical appraisal. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa fleksibilitas struktur modal berkontribusi pada peningkatan kapasitas investasi dan kinerja operasional utilitas air. Inovasi digital—termasuk smart metering, GIS, dan SCADA—terbukti efektif dalam menekan kehilangan air dan meningkatkan efisiensi layanan. Investasi layanan air juga menghasilkan dampak sosial-ekonomi yang signifikan, terutama dalam peningkatan kesehatan masyarakat, produktivitas, dan pengurangan beban pengeluaran rumah tangga. Studi ini menawarkan model konseptual integratif yang dapat menjadi dasar bagi penyusunan kebijakan pendanaan dan strategi pengelolaan layanan air minum yang lebih efektif dan berkelanjutan.
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